3,857 research outputs found
A Differential Game Model of Tariff War
We present a simple two(-country) by two(-good) differental game model of international trade in which the governments of the two countries play a tariff-setting game. We explicitly derive a unilateral optimum tarifff rate and then a Markov-perfect equilibrium pair of tariff strategies (bilateral optimum tariff strategies) and compare the welfare level of each country among autarchic, free-trade, unilateral and bilateral optimum-tariff equilibria.Tariff-setting game, Durbale consumption good, Markov-perfect strategies, The rate of time preference
Hamiltonian decomposition for bulk and surface states
We demonstrate that a tight-binding Hamiltonian with nearest- and
next-nearest-neighbor hopping integrals can be decomposed into bulk and
boundary parts in a general lattice system. The Hamiltonian decomposition
reveals that next nearest-neighbor hopping causes sizable changes in the energy
spectrum of surface states even if the correction to the energy spectrum of
bulk states is negligible. By applying the Hamiltonian decomposition to edge
states in graphene systems, we show that the next nearest-neighbor hopping
stabilizes the edge states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
E-BUSINESS APPLICATIONS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC REGIONAL FOOD SYSTEMS WEBSITE
Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
GGDs: Graph Generating Dependencies
We propose Graph Generating Dependencies (GGDs), a new class of dependencies
for property graphs. Extending the expressivity of state of the art constraint
languages, GGDs can express both tuple- and equality-generating dependencies on
property graphs, both of which find broad application in graph data management.
We provide the formal definition of GGDs, analyze the validation problem for
GGDs, and demonstrate the practical utility of GGDs.Comment: 5 page
Morphology of the gastric mill teeth in dotillid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dotillidae) from Indonesia
The gastric mill is a prominent structure in the digestive system of brachyuran crabs, consisting of a median tooth plate and a pair of lateral tooth plates. Among crab species that are deposit feeders, the morphology and size of the gastric mill teeth are correlated with the preferred substrate types and food spectrum. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the morphology of the median and lateral teeth of the gastric mills in eight species of dotillid crabs from Indonesia, and compare them in relation to habitat preferences and molecular phylogeny. Ilyoplax delsmani, Ilyoplax orientalis, and Ilyoplax strigicarpus have comparatively simple shapes of their median and lateral teeth, with fewer teeth on each lateral tooth plate compared to Dotilla myctiroides, Dotilla wichmanni, Scopimera gordonae, Scopimera intermedia, and Tmethypocoelis aff. ceratophora, which have more complexly shaped median and lateral teeth, with a greater number of teeth on each lateral tooth plate. The number of teeth on lateral tooth correlates with habitat preference, that is, dotillid crabs inhabiting muddy substrata have fewer teeth on the lateral tooth plate, and those inhabiting sandy substrata have a more teeth. Phylogenetic analysis using partial COI and 16S rRNA genes supports that teeth morphology is similar among closely related species. Therefore, the description of median and lateral teeth of the gastric mill is expected to contribute to the systematic study of dotillid crabs
Nanoscale anisotropic structural correlations in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases of Nd0.5Sr0.5 MnO3
We report x-ray scattering studies of short-range structural correlations and
diffuse scattering in Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3. On cooling, this material undergoes a
series of transitions, first from a paramagnetic insulating (PI) to a
ferromagnetic metallic (FM) phase, and then to a charge-ordered (CO) insulating
state. Highly anisotropic structural correlations were found in both the PI and
FM states. The correlations increase with decreasing temperature, reaching a
maximum at the CO transition temperature. Below this temperature, they abruptly
collapsed. Single-polaron diffuse scattering was also observed in both the PI
and FM states suggesting that substantial local lattice distortions are present
in these phases. We argue that our measurements indicate that nanoscale regions
exhibiting layered orbital order exist in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
phases of Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3.Comment: 5 pages, 4 embedded figure
Synthesis and characterization of mixed oxide nanowires for gas sensing
A healthy and long-lasting life is the utmost wish of any living being thus aging. The aging
phenomenon cannot be stopped but may be controlled to some extent when we live in
appropriate environments. Usually, the outdoor environment is polluted by two means natural
events (windblown dust, volcano eruptions, etc.) and man-made ones (burning of facile fuels,
factories, volatile organic compounds, etc.). Pollution due to harmful air such as sulfur oxides
(SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the significant issues since it is more sensitive to
compromising the natural ecosystem and environment. So, exposure to these compounds worsens
the aging phenomena of the living being (headache, fainting, skin and eye irradiation, respiratory
infections, heart disease, lung cancer, and even superficial death). Therefore, it is necessary the
detection these compounds in the environment. Accordingly, metal oxides (MOXs) gas sensors
have conventionally been employed to detect and quantify harmful gases in both indoor and
outdoor environments. However, one of the major problems with these sensors is achieving
selective detection. Herein, we propose a novel design with two metal oxides (ZnO and Co3O4) that
provide very high gas response together with superior selectivity.
The proposed structure is a one-dimensional (1D) metal oxide composite; Co3O4/ZnO nanowires.
The composite was prepared by in-situ thermal oxidation of metallic Co thin layer (50 nm) and
evaporation of ZnO powder at a temperature of 800 ᵒC at a pressure of 0.15 mbar. The pressure
was maintained by a controlled mixture of O2 and Ar. The morphological, compositional, and
structural analyses are evidence of the successful growth of the Co3O4/ZnO composite nanowire
with the root of Co3O4 and the tip with Pt (catalyzer) and Co3O4. The gas sensing characterization
shows exciting sensing functionality towards acetone (C3H6O) compared to that of tested gases
(C2H5OH, H2S, NH3, CO, NO2, and H2). The reported highest response (ΔG/G; G is the conductance)
was above the value of 5000 toward 50 ppm (parts per million) C3H6O at 40 RH% air when working
at 250 °C with the potential of detecting sub ppb (parts per billion) concentration levels of C3H6O.
The very high C3H6O sensing performance together with exceptionally high selectivity of the sensor
ascribed to Pt nanoparticle and the Co3O4 section on the tip of the Co3O4/ZnO. Moreover, the
formation of heterojunctions, synergistic gas sensing, and the catalytic activity of the proposed
design enhances the response of the sensors. Accordingly, scanning electron microscopic (SEM),
transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, and the sensing
mechanisms are comprehensively discussed at the conference
Frustration-induced Dodecamer Ordering in the Double-Exchange Spin Ice Model on the Kagom\'e Lattice
We investigate a detail of a dodecamer cluster ordering in a double-exchange
spin ice model on a kagom\'e lattice. In frustrated systems, ordinary spin
orderings are suppressed and macroscopic degeneracy remains down to low
temperatures. In some frustrated systems, the degeneracy is lifted due to
residual interactions and cluster orderings are stabilized. In the present
model, the spin ice state is first formed at intermediate temperatures, and
further entropies are released at lower temperatures as the dodecamer phase
emerges. Since the spin symmetry is not broken in the dodecamer phase, there
still exists macroscopic degeneracy. At further low temperatures, a possible
spin ordering due to inter-dodecamer interactions is proposed. We discuss that
such a multiple-site clustering larger than a bond-pair might be generic to
frustrated systems where macroscopic degeneracy is lifted by residual
interactions.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
- …